Bava Kamma 95

Chapter 95

א מאי ברשות ומאי שלא ברשות איכא
1 what has permission or absence of permission to do with the case?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the defendant was not the owner of the premises. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> — I will answer; [Where the produce was brought in] with permission, the case would be one of Tooth [doing damage] in the plaintiff's premises,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the plaintiff obtained a legal right to keep there the object which was subsequently damaged by a stray ox. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב אמרי ברשות הויא לה שן ברשות הניזק ושן ברשות הניזק חייבת שלא ברשות הויא לה שן ברה"ר ושן ברשות הרבים פטורה
2 and Tooth doing damage in the plaintiff's premises entails liability,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXII, 4. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> whereas in the absence of permission it would be a case of Tooth doing damage on public ground,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e. on premises where the plaintiff has no more right than the owner of the ox, the defendant. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג ת"ש הכניס שורו לחצר בעל הבית שלא ברשות ובא שור ממקום אחר ונגחו פטור ואם הכניס ברשות חייב מאן פטור ומאן חייב לאו פטור בעל חצר וחייב בעל חצר
3 and Tooth doing damage on public ground entails no liability.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 17. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> Come and hear: If a man brings his ox into the premises of another person without permission, and an ox from elsewhere comes and gores it, there is no liability. But if he brought it in with permission there would be liability. Now, who would be exempt<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 270, n. 4. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ד לא פטור בעל השור וחייב בעל השור אי הכי מאי ברשות ומאי שלא ברשות איכא
4 and who would be liable?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 270, n. 5. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> Does it not mean that it is the owner of the premises who would be exempt<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 270, n. 4. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ה אמרי הא מני ר' טרפון היא דאמר משונה קרן בחצר הניזק נזק שלם משלם ברשות הויא לה קרן בחצר הניזק ומשלם נזק שלם שלא ברשות הויא לה קרן ברה"ר ולא משלמא אלא חצי נזק:
5 and the owner of the premises who would be liable?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 270, n. 5. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> — No, it is the owner of the ox [from elsewhere] who would be exempt<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 270, n. 4. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ו ההיא איתתא דעלתה למיפא בההוא ביתא אתא ברחא דמרי דביתא אכלה ללישא חביל ומית חייבה רבא לשלומי דמי ברחא
6 and similarly it is the owner of the ox [from elsewhere] who would be liable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 270, n. 5. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> But if so, what has permission or the absence of permission to do with the case?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 270, n. 7. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ז לימא פליגא אדרב דאמר רב הויא לה שלא תאכל
7 — I would answer that this teaching is in accordance with R. Tarfon, who held<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra p. 125. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> that the unusual damage occasioned by Horn in the plaintiff's premises has to be compensated in full: [Where the ox was brought in] with permission the case would therefore be one of Horn doing damage in the plaintiff's premises<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 270, n. 8. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ח אמרי הכי השתא התם שלא ברשות לא קביל עליה נטירותא הכא ברשות קביל עליה נטירותא
8 and the payment would have to be for full damages, whereas in the absence of permission it would amount to Horn doing damage on public ground,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e. on premises where the plaintiff has no more right than the owner of the ox, the defendant. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> and the payment would accordingly be only for half damages.
ט ומאי שנא מהאשה שנכנסה לטחון חטין אצל בעל הבית שלא ברשות ואכלתן בהמתו של בעל הבית פטור ואם הוזקה חייבת טעמא שלא ברשות הא ברשות פטור
9 A certain woman once entered the house of another person for the purpose of baking bread there, and a goat of the owner of the house came and ate up the dough, from which it became sick and died. [In giving judgment] Raba ordered the woman to pay damages for the value of the goat. Are we to say now that Raba differed from Rab, since Rab said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra p. 268. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> It should not have eaten?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the woman would therefore not have to pay for the damage sustained by the animal of the owner of the premises. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
י אמרי לטחון חטים כיון דלא בעיא צניעותא מידי לא בעי מסלקי מרוותא דחצר נפשייהו ועליה דידיה רמי נטירותא אבל למיפא כיון דבעיא היא צניעותא מרוותא דחצר מסלקי נפשייהו הלכך עלה דידה רמיא נטירותא:
10 — I may reply, are both cases parallel? There,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra p. 268. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> there was no permission and the owner of the produce did not assume any obligation of safeguarding [the property of the owner of the premises], whereas in this case, permission had been given and the woman had accepted responsibility for safeguarding<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. the discussion that follows. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
יא הכניס שורו לחצר בעל הבית: אמר רבא הכניס שורו לחצר בעל הבית שלא ברשות וחפר בה בורות שיחין ומערות בעל השור חייב בנזקי חצר ובעל חצר חייב בנזקי הבור
11 [the property of the owner of the premises]. But why should the rule in this case be different from [what has been laid down, that] if a woman enters the premises of another person to grind wheat without permission, and the animal of the owner of the premises eats it up, the owner is not liable, and if the animal suffers harm the woman is liable, the reason being that there was no permission, which shows that where permission was granted she would be exempt?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why then should the woman, the owner of the dough, have to pay? ');"><sup>14</sup></span> — I can answer: In the case of grinding wheat, since there is no need of privacy at all, and the owner of the premises is not required to absent himself, the obligation to take care [of his property] still devolves upon him, whereas in the case of baking where, since privacy is required,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'she requires privacy.' As the woman would usually have to uncover her arms. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יב אף על גב דאמר מר (שמות כא, לג) כי יכרה איש בור ולא שור בור הכא כיון דאית ליה להאיך למלוייה ולא קא מלייה כמאן דכרייה דמי
12 the owner of the premises absents himself [from the premises], the obligation to safeguard his property must fall upon the woman. IF A MAN BRINGS HIS OX INTO THE PREMISES OF ANOTHER PERSON [etc.]. Raba said: If he brings his ox on another person's ground and it digs there pits, ditches, and caves, the owner of the ox would be liable for the damage done to the ground, and the owner of the ground would be liable for any damage resulting from the pit. For though the Master stated:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra p. 93 and cf. also supra 51a. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יג ואמר רבא הכניס שורו לחצר בעל הבית שלא ברשות והזיק את בעל הבית או בעל הבית הוזק בו חייב רבץ פטור
13 [It says,] If a man shall dig a pit,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXI, 33. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> and not 'if an ox [shall dig] a pit', still here [in this case] since it was the duty of the owner of the ground to fill in the pit and he did not fill it in, he is reckoned [in the eyes of the law] as having himself dug it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The owner of the ground is therefore liable for any damage resulting from the pit. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>
יד ומשום דרבץ פטור אמר רב פפא מאי רבץ שהרביץ גללים ונטנפו כליו של בעל הבית דהויא גללים בור ולא מצינו בור שחייב בו את הכלים
14 Raba further said: If he brings his ox into the premises of another person without permission, and the ox injures the owner of the premises, or the owner of the premises suffers injury through the ox,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By stumbling over it ');"><sup>19</sup></span> he is liable, but if it lies down,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And, as it is assumed at present, it did damage thereby. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>
טו הניחא לשמואל דאמר כל תקלה בור הוא אלא לרב דאמר עד דמפקר ליה מאי איכא למימר
15 he has no liability. But why should the fact of its lying down confer exemption?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If damage was done by it. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> — R. Papa thereupon said: What is meant by 'it lies down' is that the ox lays down its excrements [upon the ground], and thereby soils the utensils of the owner of the premises. [The exemption is because] the excrements<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As any other nuisance. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>
טז אמרי סתם גללים אפקורי מפקיר להו
16 are a case of Pit, and we have never found Pit involving liability for damage done to inanimate objects.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For Scripture said: Ox and ass'; cf. supra p. 18. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> This explanation is satisfactory if we adopt the view of Samuel who held<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra p. 150. ');"><sup>24</sup></span>
יז ואמר רבא נכנס לחצר בעל הבית שלא ברשות והזיק את בעל הבית או בעל הבית הוזק בו חייב הזיקו בעל הבית פטור
17 that all kinds of nuisances come under the head of Pit. But on the view of Rab who said<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra p. 150. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> [that they do not come under the head of Pit] unless they have been abandoned,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But where they were not abandoned they would be subject to the law applicable to Cattle, where there is no exemption for damage done to inanimate objects. ');"><sup>25</sup></span>
יח א"ר פפא לא אמרן אלא דלא הוה ידע ביה אבל הוה ידע ביה הזיקו בעל הבית חייב מ"ט משום דאמר ליה נהי דאית לך רשותא לאפוקי לאזוקי לית לך רשותא
18 what are we to say? — It may safely be said that excrements as a rule are abandoned.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. B.M. 27a. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> Raba said further: If one enters the premises of another person without permission, and injures the owner of the premises,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Whether with or without intention.] ');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יט ואזדו לטעמייהו דאמר רבא ואיתימא רב פפא
19 or the owner of the premises suffers injury through him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e. the trespasser, by stumbling over him. ');"><sup>28</sup></span> there would be liability;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Upon the trespasser. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> and if the owner of the premises injured him, there would be no liability. R. Papa thereupon said: This ruling applies only where the owner had not noticed him. For if he had noticed him, the owner of the premises by injuring him would render himself liable, as the trespasser would be entitled to say to him: 'Though you have the right to eject me, you have no right to injure me.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 124. ');"><sup>30</sup></span> These authorities<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e. Raba and R. Papa. ');"><sup>31</sup></span> followed the line of reasoning [adopted by them elsewhere], for Raba or, as others read, R. Papa stated: